APSSB Non-Ministerial Technical Exam 2025 syllabus. Candidates preparing for technical posts under this recruitment drive can now refer to the detailed syllabus for the technical papers. Understanding the syllabus is essential for effective preparation, as it outlines the subject-wise topics, weightage, and exam pattern. This article provides a clear overview of the APSSB Non-Ministerial Technical Examination 2025 syllabus.
| Paper | Post Code | Post | Technical Paper |
| 1 | 30/25 31/25 | Dental Mechanic Dental Technician, | Paper 1 (Dental Mechanics/Technician) |
| 2 | 32/25 39/25 | Draughtsman Grade – III Junior Estimator | Paper 2 (Draughtsman Grade – III/ Junior Estimator) |
| 3 | 33/25 37/25 | Driver (LMV) Head Constable Driver | Paper 3 (Road Safety and Traffic Signages) |
| 4 | 34/25 | ECG Technician, | Paper 4 (ECG Technician) |
| 5 | 35/25 | EEG (Electro Encephelo Graphy) Technician | Paper 5 (EEG Technician) |
| 6 | 36/25 | Field Publicity Assistant | Paper 6 (Field Publicity Assistant) |
| 7 | 38/25 | Health Assistant Jr | Paper 7 (Health Assistant |
| 8 | 40/25 | Junior Librarian | Paper 8 (Library and lnformation Science) |
| 9 | 41/25 | Operation Theatre Technician | Paper 9 (Operation Theatre Technician) |
| 10 | 42/25 | Pharmacist (Allopathy) | Paper 10 (Pharmacist Allopathy) |
| 11 | 43/25 | Publicity Assistant | Paper 11(Publicity Assistant) |
| 12 | 44/25 | Radography Technician | Paper 12 (Radiography Technician) |
| 13 | 45/25 | Surveyor | Paper 13 (Surveying) |
PAPER 1: DENTAL MECHANIC/TECHNICIAN (30/25 & 31/25)
1. APPLIED PHYSICS:
– Specific gravity, density, properties of matter, including cohesion, capillarity, surface tension viscosity, elasticity, diffusion and osmosis.
– Heat: Temperature and its measurements, Thermometers and Pyrometers. General account of expansion by heat of solids, liquids and gases, Thermostats, Pressure gas and hydraulic. Boyle’s and Charle’s Laws, Unit of heat, thermal capacity and specific Heat, Change of State: Latent heat: Melting Point.
– Properties of vapours, conduction, convection and radiation.
– Principles of electro-technology applied to dental work room, small motors, constructional features and characteristics, electric furnaces, heaters, thermostats, pyrometers, spot welders electroplating, electro-forming and anodizing, wiring regulations relating to low voltage supplies
2. APPLIED MECHANICS:-
– Forces, Parallelogram and triangle of forces. Moments, Couples, Centre of gravity.
Principles of lever and cantilever work, Energy, Power, Friction, Inclined plane, Screw Stress, Strain, Shearing Strain, Torsion, Bending movements, Strength and stiffness of materials
3. APPLIED CHEMISTRY:-
Distinction between physical and chemical change: elements, mixture, and compounds; composition of the atmosphere: Oxygen oxides, burning and rusting: water solvent properties and crystallization; action of water on metals: composition of water hydrogen; Laws of chemical combination; meaning of chemical symbols valency: simple chemical equations; acids, bases and salts.
– Electrolysis, The ionic theory of solution. The electropotential series, electroplating, General characteristics of the metals including an elementary study of the common metals and their alloys with special reference to those used in the dental work room.
– Alcohol, ethers, aldehydes and ketones, fatty acids and their more important derivatives, amines. Simple treatment of carbohydrates, fats and proteins, Benzene and its homologues. General characteristics of aromatic substances. Synthetic resins and plastics used in Dentistry.
4. APPLIED ORAL ANATOMY:
Elementary anatomy and structure of denture/bearing area.
– Human dentition and occlusion.
– Functions of teeth and morphology of Crowns of teeth.
– Muscles of mastication and facial expression.
– Mastication deglutition and phonation.
– Movements of tempera-mandibular joint.
5. DENTAL MECHANICS (PRIMARY):
– Infection control measures for impressions and models.
– Impression Preservation and Boxing-in.
– Cast: Preparation, Trimming, including Orthodontic casts.
-Cast duplication – various methods.
-Construction of special trays-spacers.
-Bite blocks-base plates and wax rims.
-Articulators: Classification, daily uses, and care of articulators.
-Adjustments, Mounting of casts.
-Articulation, Occlusal plane, protrusive balance, working bite, balancing bite, curve of spee, compensating curve, lateral curve.
-Principal of selection of teeth.
-Setting of teeth and wax finishing
-Flasking, Dewaxing, Packing, curing and Deflasking.
-Finishing and polishing of dentures.
-Additions, repairs, relining and revasing of dentures.
-Immediate denture construction.
-Making of acrylic teeth.
-Kennedy’s classification of partial dentures.
-Principles of partial denture, design, clasp surveyor, surveying, path of insertion and removal. Establishment of clasp seat. Clasp’s. parts, classification, function and reciprocation.
-Principles of wire bending, Preparation of wrought clasps, occlusal rests and lingual bars.
6. DENTAL MECHANICS (FINAL):
-Casting machines: Centrifugal and pressure casting machines, Furnaces, principles of casting.
-Casting techniques of partial denture (Skeletal) Clasps, bars, occlusion rest.
-Setting of teeth and completion of dentures on metal skeletons.
-Mechanical principles of Orthodontic appliances, anchorage, force, tissue changes and retention.
-Stainless steel wire-preparation of clasps, springs and Arch wires for Orthodontic appliances.
-Use of various types of expansion screws.
-Designing- Implant supported Prosthesis (if facilities available for Dental Implants)
-Ceramic, laminates and Veneers.
-Fabricating- Maxillofacial prosthesis such as eye, nose ear, cheek, obturator and splint.
-Indirect Resin Restoration preparation techniques.
-Porcelain firing techniques.
-Preparation of removable Orthodontic appliances, Activators, Retention appliances and Oral
screen
-Construction of fixed Orthodontic appliances, bands, tubes and arches.
-Soldering and spot welding-Soldering of clasps, tags, Strengtheners and lingual bars.
-Inlays and Crowns-classification and construction facing & backings. – Casting Procedures.
-Principles of bridge work-types of abutments-abutments and pontics- construction of bridges using porcelain and acrylic pontics.
7. DENTAL MATERIALS AND METALLURGY:
-Dental Materials:- Composition, Properties, Uses, Advantages & Disadvantages of the following materials:-
-Plaster of paris; Dental Stone, Die Stone.
– Investment Materials, All Impression Materials.
-Tray Materials.
-Denture Base Materials, both for cold curing and heat curing, Tooth Materials Waxes.
-Base Plates.
-Zinc Oxide.
-Dental Luting Cements.
-Dental Ceramics and indirect resin restoration materials.
-Dental Metallurgy:
-Metallurgical Terms,
-General Study of:
a. Metals used in Dentistry particularly Gold, Silver, Copper, Zinc, Tin, Lead and Aluminium.
b. Alloys used in Dentistry particularly, Casting Gold Wrought Gold Silver Alloys, Stainless Steel, Chrome Cobalt Alloys.
– Heat treatment – annealing and tempering.
-Solders, Fluxes, Anti Fluxes.
-Tarnish and Corrosion
-Electric Deposition
-Dental implant materials,
8. BASIC KNOWLEDGE OF COMPUTERS:
-General office routine economics, record-keeping services, Professional referrals and computing skill;
-Record keeping of materials indented and Audit of us.
-Receipt and dispatch of work from clinicians.
PAPER 2: DRAUGHTSMAN GRADE-III/JUNIOR ESTIMATOR (32/25 & 39/25)
• Importance of B.I.S.
Introduction of Code of Practice for Architectural and Building Drawings (IS: 962-1989). Layout of drawing. Lines, Lettering, Dimensioning, Scales and Projection
• Building materials:-
Rocks-Classification, types, uses, Stones classification, types, uses, Bricks – Manufacturing classification, types, uses, Lime- classification, types, uses, Pozzolanic- classification, types, uses, Cement Manufacturing, classification, types, uses, Clay Products earthenware, stoneware, porcelain, terracotta, glazing, types, Mortar-. Preparation classification, types, uses Concrete – Preparation classification, types, uses, Timber – Structure, defect classification, seasoning, uses. admixtures – for cement mortar & cement concrete, classification, types, uses
• Protective materials:-
Paints, classification, types, uses, varnishes classification, types, uses, Metal-classification, types, uses, Plastics – Classification, types, uses
• Building Construction: –
Masonry. Stone masonry Terms used. Classification-Tools, Brick masonry – Technical terms – bonds, types junctions, Hollow block construction -types, admixtures added advantages. Composite masonry:- types
• Foundation: –
Soil bearing capacity, Foundation – objectives, Requirement, types-shallow spread, isolated or column footing, stepped, combined, continuous, inverted arch, cantilever, grillage, & raft or mat foundation. Deep foundations- piles -Well foundations Machine foundation-general requirements-types-Cofferdam and caisson
• Permanent & temporary structures: –
Life of structures, sub structure, super structure, load bearing structure, cavity wall, framed structure,
• Scaffolding-:
Parts, types- Shoring- types. Underpinning- purpose, types. Partition requirements, types. Frame work
• Treatments for building structure: –
DPC-Sources and effects of dampness, method. Damp proofing materials – properties, functions, types, Anti-termite treatment objectives &uses, method. Weathering course- purpose, materials required-Fire-proofing. Effect, rules
• Arches – Technical terms, types, cantering
• Lintel-types-wooden, brick, stone, steel & RCC.
• Carpentry joints terms, classification of joints, Uses &types of fixtures & fastenings
• Doors-Parts, Location, standard sizes, types; Windows-types; Ventilators- purpose-types; Floors-Ground floor & upper floor-Types; Flooring- materials used, types; Stairs- Terms, requirements, headroom, types, turning, materials, Planning, Lift, Escalator, Roofs & Roof coverings -Purposes -Elements- Types:- Flat & pitched, Truss-king post, queen post, mansard, bel-fast, steel, composite. Shell-types-north-light & double curved, Dome. Components, parts, Roof coverings – objectives, types & uses.
• Building rules & bye laws:-
Objectives & importance, Function & responsibility, lay out plan & key plan- composition of submission, drawing. provision for safety requirement of green belt and land
• Computer aided drafting:-
Operating system, Hardware & software, Introduction of CAD, Its Graphical User Interface. Method of Installation. Basic commands of CAD.
• Reinforced cement concrete structure:
introduction, Bar bending, details as per IS Code. chejjas, Beams and columns, Stairs, One- way slab & two-way slab, Innovative construction, Safety against earthquake, grade of cement, steel-behaviour & test bar-bending schedule, Retaining wall, R.C.C. Framed structure.
• Steel structures:-
Common forms of steel sections, Structural fasteners, Joints, tension & compression member- classification, fabrication Construction details
• House drainage of Building:-
Introduction, Terms used in PHE, Systems of sanitation, System of house drainage, plumbing, sanitary fittings etc, Purification of water. Types of sewer appurtenance, Systems of plumbing, Manholes & Septic tank, New technology of Plumbing, System.
• Road:
Introduction, History of highway development. general principles of alignment. Classification and construction of different types of roads-Component parts, road curves & gradient, Curves- types, designation of curves, setting out simple curve by successive bisection from long chords, simple curve by offsets from long chords.
• Bridge: –
Component parts. IRC loading, Selection of type and location, Factors governing the ideal site Alignment of bridge-Foundation -selection-caisson. Coffer dam- types Types of super structure, Substructure-piers, abutments, wing walls- Classification of bridge
• Railways: –
Rall gauges, Functions, Requirements, Types, Sections, Length of rail, Welding of rail, wear of rail, Coning of wheels, hogged rail, bending of rail, creep of rail, Causes and prevention of creep. Sleeper and ballast-function-types requirement-materials-rail Fixtures, Fastenings and plate laying- rail Joints-types-fish plate-fish bolt spikes-chairs and keys-bearing plate-block- elastic, base plate Anchors and anti-creepers, Construction of permanent ways.
• Irrigation Engineering: –
Terms used in irrigation. Hydrology like duty, delta, base period, intensity of irrigation, hydrograph, peak flow, run off, catchment area, CCA, corps like, rabi, kharif etc… Storage/ diversion head work definition: types. Reservoir-types of reservoirs, area, and capacity of reservoir, Dams, weir & barrage- types purposes Hydroelectric project Canals:- classification and distribution system, canal structures. Types of cross drainage works
• Estimating and Costing: –
Introduction, Purpose and common techniques, Construction drawing Measurement techniques, Estimate-necessity, importance, types-approximate and detailed estimate-main and sub estimates, revised, supplementary, maintenance/repair estimate taking, off quantities- method, Rate analysis and Specifications, Labour and materials, Schedule of rate, Estimating of irregular boundaries, by trapezoidal and Simpsons formulae
• Wiring Electrical: –
Safety precaution and elementary first aid. Artificial respiration and treatment of electrical shock Elementary electricity. General ideas of supply system. Wireman’s tools kit. Wiring materials. Electrical fittings. System of wirings. Wiring installation for domestic lightings.
• Surveying: –
Introduction, History and principle, Objectives. and uses common terms used and definitions, classification, accuracy, types Main divisions (plane & geodetic), Chaining, bearing & meridian. Speed in field and office work, Plane meter and pantograph
• Levelling: –
auto level introduction, definition, Principle of leveling, Leveling staffs, Its graduation & Types, Minimum equipment required, Types, Component part and function Temporary and permanent adjustment, procedure in setting up. Level & horizontal surface. Datum Benchmark, Focussing & parallax Deduction of levels, types leveling, Contouring Definition -Characteristics Methods Direct and Indirect methods, Interpolation of Contour-Contour gradient-Uses of Contour plan and Map.
• Theodolite Survey: –
Introduction to Theodolite, identification & understanding of parts, Types, technical terms. Temporary and permanent adjustments, procedure in setting up, Fundamental lines and relation Method of measurement of horizontal & vertical angles, Repetition & reiteration systems. Types of field book, adjustment of Errors while laying a given angle by repetition method of setting out straight lines, establishing, Latitude and departure, Consecutive co- ordinates and independent co-ordinates. Instrumental errors, their elimination, permanent adjustment, care &maintenance of Theodolite. Method of running a traverse, different methods of measuring angles & bearings. Method of plotting traverses- Gales, traverse system, checking of measurements of closed & open traverse, use of traverse tables, closing errors and its adjustment. Technical terms in connection with simple triangulation-base line
• Total Station: –
Introduction, components parts, accessories used, characteristics, features, advantages and disadvantages principle of EMD Working and need Setting and measurement, Electronic, display & Data reading, Rectangular and polar co-ordinate system Terminology of open and closed traverse
• GPS-
Introduction of GPS system. Co-ordinate and time system. Satellite and conversional geodetic system. GPS. Signal, code, and biases Role of TRANSIT in GPS development. GPS segment organisation. GPS survey methods. Basic geodetic co-ordinate Ground support equipment, signals Tracking devises & system Time measurement and GPS timing Definition and application of Remote sensing, Photogrammetric, Arial photography, satellite Images, Pattern recognition and digital signal
PAPER 3: ROAD SAFETY AND TRAFFIC SIGNAGES (33/25,37/25)
Basic Road Rules, Driving methods and speed limits, Understanding Signals: Knowledge of traffic signage for road safety, Difficult driving conditions: Driving on wet surface, Driving in fog, Night driving, Running on pavement, Brake failure, Towing, Fitness to drive, Basic knowledge about provisions of the Motor Vehicle Act, Essential knowledge about vehicle pollution (Do’s and Don’ts), Awareness about documents required for driving- Registration, Licensing, Insurance, Driving Offences, Fitness to drive-First aid kit, Good health & Road safety, Driving under influence of drugs/ liquors.
PAPER 4: ECG TECHNICIAN (34/25)
A) Basics of Anatomy:
1. Introduction to Human Anatomy 2. Cell- Tissues Properties, Different Tissues 3. Digestive System & Hepatobiliary System 4. Respiratory System 5. Cardio Vascular System 6. Lymphatic System 7. Bones and Joints 8. Nervous System 9. Endocrine System 10. Sense Organs 11. Excretory System 12. Reproductive System
B) Basics of Physiology:
Basics of Physiology 1. Introduction to Human Physiology 2. Blood 3. Cardio Vascular System 4. Lymphoid System 5. Digestive System 6. Respiratory System 7. Nervous System 8. Endocrine System 9. Excretory System 10. Reproductive System 11. Sense Organs
C) Basics of Biochemistry:
Introduction to Basics of Bio-chemistry, Reception, Registration and bio-chemical parameters investigated. Glassware and plastic ware used in a bio-chemical laboratory. Instrumental methods of Bio-chemical analysis, Basic lab operations, Water Chemicals and related substances, Prevention, Safety and first aid in lab accidents, Collection of Specimens, Urine biochemical parameters., Units of measurements, Solutions, Carbohydrates, Amino acids and Proteins Definition, Biological importance, Classification, Qualitative tests, Diagnostics tests, Vitamins and Minerals,
D) Basics of Pathology:
Introduction to Pathology in brief, Preparation of Reagents, procedure and principle of tests, Body Fluids Differential count of Peritoneal, pericardial, pleural fluids and CSF, charging chamber, Identifying and counting the cells.
E) Basics of Microbiology:
Introduction to Microbiology in brief, Microscopy, Sterilization and disinfection classification and Methods of sterilization, Principle and Methods of sterilization by heat, Cleaning, drying & Sterilization of Glassware disposal of contaminated material i.e. clinical infective material inoculated culture media. Handling and Disposal of Biomedical waste, Morphology and classification of Bacteria.
F) Hospital Awareness:
A brief idea of hospital as on organization management different units of a hospital effective communication skills, communication channel
Familiarization of different tables/tubes in surgical department, Surgical Awareness, preparation of patient for surgery, Patient related services.
G) Communication & Computer Skills, Audio and Visual Aids:
Process & Types of communication, Strategies for effective Communication, Barriers of communication, Presentation with the use of visual aids such as power point, Conversation, Extempore speech, usage of effective language for communication of health work, Case studies and situational analysis, Survey and Reporting, Computer basic-MS Office, Word, Excel, Power Point, Internet Concepts- Browsing, Down- Loading, Use of Slide Projector
H) Basic Electro Cardiogram (ECG):
History of ECG, ECG Equipment details.
Basic concepts ECG Machine: Parts of ECG machine, Recording the ECG and lead placement, Interpretation of ECG, Pitfalls in taking ECGs Interpretation of normal ECG, Rate & regularity, Rhythm, Voltage, P, Q, R, S, T, and U waves, Cardiac Electrical Activity, Cardiac impulse formation & Conduction, Recording of long axis cardiac electrical activity, Recording short axis cardiac electrical activity. Recording the Electrocardiogram, Evolution of frontal plane leads, Transverse plane leads, Correct & Incorrect leads placement, Electrocardiography leads placement, Display of 12 standard electrocardiogram leads. Bipolar lead (Enthovan triangle) and The 12 Lead, System, Principles of AC and DC, Types of Batteries, Ohm’s Law, Watt, Joule. Ampere, ST segment and MI P wave, Risk factors for MI and heart diseases, Assessment of arrhythmias, Important cardiac diseases and its pattern. The fundamental of ECG and electricity, Safety measures, Operation and maintenance of
E.C.G. machines, Identification of the basic defects and repair, Safety Standards of E.C.G.
I) Cardiovascular System Anatomy, Physiology & Pathology:
Anatomy of Circulatory System- Size of the Heart, Position, Layers of heart, Chambers & Valves of heart, Cardiac Muscles, Blood Supply, Nerve Supply, The blood Vessels, General Plan of Circulation, Pulmonary Circulation. Name of the arteries & veins, Their position with special emphasis on Coronary Circulation Position of heart, Conduction system of heart, Cardiac cycle, Heart sound, Stroke volume, Cardiac Output, Blood Pressure and its measurement. Cardiovascular disorders in general, Understand common pathological terms & terminologies used in description of heart disease and where applicable, associated electrocardiographic features.
J) Clinical Pharmacology:
Pharmacology Related to Cardiac Technology, Anti-anginal agents, Anti-failure agents, Anti- hypertensive drugs, Anti- arrhythmic agents, Antithrombotic agents, Lipid lowering and anti- atherosclerotic drugs,
K) Basics of other Cardiovascular measurement techniques
A) Defibrillator-indications & Operations, Contra indications, Precautions, Complications and
treatment.
B) Stress E.C.G. – Protocols, Procedure, Indications
C) TMT & Holter Recording-Recording and Analysis.
D) Cardiac Monitor
E) Instrumentation Study, Instrument Measurement & Critical Care equipment, ECHO, Computerized monitoring arrangement in ICCU and ICU
F) Operation, calibration, and servicing of E.C.G. machines.
G) E.C.G. Recording – in Adult & Pediatric Patients.
PAPER 5: EEG TECHNICIAN (35/25)
Basic:
Study of General Anatomy and physiology of Human Body
CLINICAL:
Normal EEG patten in children and adult an awake and sleep.
• Neonatal EEG patten
• Normal variants of EEG
• Seizure disorder
• Artefacts: Eye movements.
• Activation methods: Hyperventilation. photic stimulation, sleep deprivation.
• Abnormal EEG record.
• Abnormal EEG in neurological diseases
• Brain death
TECHNICAL ASPECTS:
• Different parts of EEG machine and its functions.
•Electroencephalographic monitoring (in patients and ambulatory), video Electroencephalography, intraoperative record, Quantitative Electrophotography Brain mapping (in brief)
• Elechoencephalographer’s reporting
• Record keeping.
• NEURO-ANATOMY:
Muscle: Origin, insertion, nerve supply, Course of cranial and peripheral nerves
NEURO PHYSIOLOGY: Muscle:
(i) Functions of muscles
(ii) Musclecontractbns
(iii) Electrical properties of muscles
Nerve:
(i) Functions of nerve
(ii) Electrical properties of nerves
(iii) Neuromuscular junction and neurotransmitters
NEURO PATHOLOGY:
Muscle: Pathological changes in muscles
(i) Primary muscle disease
(ii) Injury
(iii) Metabolic
(iv) inflammatory
(v) Others
(vi) Neurogenic muscle involvement
(vii) Neuromuscular junction abnormalities
Nerve:
(i) Demyelination
(ii) Axonopathy
CLINICAL:
Nerve:
(a) Disease affecting cranial and peripheral nerves
(b) Bells play
(c) Peripheral neuropathy
(d) Entrapment neuropathy
(e) Basic principles of nerve conduction study (NCS)
(i) Motor NCS
(ii) Sensory NCS
(iii) F-ware
(iv) H-reflex
(v) Blink reflex and others
(vi) Repetitive nerve stimulation
(vii) Abnormalities in disease
(viii) Central motor conduction
Muscle:
(a) Disease of muscle and neuromuscular junctions
(b) Normal EMG recording-Resting insertional activity/volitional recruitment pattern,
interference patten
(c) Abnormal EMG
(i) Myopathies
(ii) Neurogenic muscle involvement
(iii) involuntary muscle contractions
(iv) Neuromuscular transmission disorder
(d) Needle EMG- conventional, Macro EMG, surface EMG, single fibre EMG 3 Evoked potential studies:
Evoked potential studies:
(i) Visual evoked potential
(ii) Brainstem auditory evoked potential
(iii) Somato -sensory evoked potential
Instruments:
(i) Basic knowledge about the machines
(ii) Electrodes
(iii) Electrodes impedance
(iv) identification of wave pattern
(v) Artefacts
(vi) Normal laboratory values
(vii) Electromyography reporting
(viii) Record keeping
PAPER 6: FIELD PUBLICITY ASSISTANT (36/25)
• Safety rules and safety signs, Types and working of fire extinguishers. Basic electrical Symbol.
• Fundamentals of electricity, definitions, units & effects of electric current. Conductors and insulators. Conducting materials and their comparison.
• Joints in electrical conductors. Techniques of soldering. Types of solders and flux
• Ohm’s Law; Simple electrical circuits and problems. Kirchhoff’s Laws and applications.
• Series and parallel circuits. Open and short circuits in series and parallel networks.
• Laws of Resistance and various types of resistors. Wheatstone bridge; principle and its applications. Effect of variation of temperature on resistance. Different methods of measuring the values of resistance. Series and parallel combinations of resistors.
• Magnetic terms, magnetic materials and properties of magnet. Principles and laws of electro- magnetism. Self and mutually induced EMFs.
• Electrostatics: Capacitor- Different types, functions, grouping and uses. Inductive and capacitive reactance, their effect on AC circuit and related vector concepts. Comparison and Advantages of DC and AC systems. Related terms frequency, Instantaneous value, R.M.S. value Average value, Peak factor, form factor, power factor and Impedance etc.
• Sine wave, phase and phase difference. Active and Reactive power. Single Phase and three- phase system. Problems on A.C. circuits.
• Chemical effect of electric current and Laws of electrolysis. Explanation of Anodes and cathodes. Types of cells, advantages/disadvantages and their applications.
• Lead acid cell; Principle of operation and components. Types of battery charging, Safety precautions, test equipment and maintenance. Basic principles of Electro-plating and cathodic protection.
• Grouping of cells for specified voltage and current. Principle and operation of solar cell
• Types of domestic and industrial wirings. Study of wiring accessories e.g. switches, fuses, relays, MCB, ELCB, MCCB
• Importance of Earthing. Plate earthing and pipe earthing methods.
• Resistors-colour code, types and characteristics. Active and passive components. Atomic structure and semiconductor theory.
• P-N junction, classification, specifications, biasing and characteristics of diodes.
• Rectifier circuit – half wave, full wave, bridge rectifiers and filters. Principle of operation, types, characteristics and various configuration of transistor. Application of transistor as a switch, voltage regulator and amplifier.
• Basic concept of power electronics devices. IC voltage regulators Digital Electronics – Binary numbers, logic gates and combinational circuits.
• Working principle and uses of oscilloscope. Construction and working of SCR, DIAC, TRIAC and IGBT
• Modulation, types of modulation-A.M., F.M., P.M. & application. Broadcasting, Bandwidth mod index. Definition and importance of demodulation.
• Radio Receiver, Super heterodyne principle of ‘frequency changing’ Radio chain, term used in Radio transmission-specification.
• Basic of audio stage, type of amplification, driver stage, output stage, transistor use, tone
control, volume control.
• Ionosphere, Ground wave propagations, electromagnetic wave, reflection, speed of
transmission, wavelength, explanation of frequency ranges, image frequency, acceptor circuit, and rejector circuit, disadvantage of R.F. amplification. Sensitivity and selectivity, fidelity. Signal to noise ratio, block diagram of Radio Receiver.
PAPER 7: HEALTH ASSISTANT (38/25)
I. COMMUNITY MEDICINE
| SI No | Topic |
| a | Trauma system-components – Injury prevention – Pre hospital care – Emergency department care – Inter facility Transportation – Trauma critical care |
| b | Personal Safety |
| c | Civil distribances |
| d | Mass casuality |
II. HUMAN ANATOMY
| SI No | Topic |
| a | Upper Limb |
| b | Organs of abdomen – Liver – Spleen – Kidneys |
| c | Pelvic organs and their support |
| d | Lower Limb |
| e | Urogenital system |
III. PHYSIOLOGY
| SI No | Topic |
| a | Fluid & electrolytes – Distribution of body fluid – Composition of body fluid Disturbances in body fluids and electrolytes |
| b | Circulatory System – Physiological Anatomy of CVS – Cardiac cycle, heart rate, heart sound, ECG – Cardiac output, venous return -Blood pressure: Definition, Normal Value, Regulation of blood pressure Shock: Definition & Different types |
| c | Respiratory System – Physiological anatomy of respiratory system – Mechanism of respiration – Composition of air and transport of gases – Regulation of respiration (neural and chemical) Applied-hypoxia and airway obstruction |
| d | Blood – Blood: Composition and Functions – Blood Formation, fate of RGC & jaundice and Anemaia – Blood Group-Types, their importance & Rh incompatibility – Hemostasis – Immunity and AIDS |
| e | Temperature regulation – Normal body temperature-core & oral – Heat production & heat loss – Regulating mechanism-role of hypothalamus Applied-fever, Hypothermia and heat stroke |
IV. PHARMACOLOGY
| SL NO. | TOPIC |
| a | Introduction of the subject, Routes of administration |
| b | Analgesics |
V. MICROBIOLOGY
| SL NO. | TOPIC |
| a | Introduction to infectious disease – Introduction – Causes of infectious disease – Mode of transmission of infectious disease. – Defense against infectious disease Prevention from infectious disease |
| b | Blood borne pathogen – Introduction – Person at risk – Pathogens – HBV – HCV – HIV |
| c | Biomedical Waste Management – Introduction – Defination of biomedical waste – Quantum of waste that is generated by a hospital – Hazards of biomedical waste – Person at risk of the hazard of medical procedures – Rules and Regulation governing the disposal of biomedical Waste – Responsibilities of health care institutions regarding biomedical waste management – Categories of waste generated in hospital and their management – Color codes and type of container used for disposal of biomedical waste – Disposal of infectious waste – Disposal of sharp – Storage of bio medical waste in hospital – Recyclable Waste |
| d | – Sterilization and Disinfection – Introduction – Definition – Physical method to achieve sterilization and disinfection – Properties of disinfectants – Classification of disinfectants – Chlorine as high-level disinfectants – Preparation of working solution of sodium hypochlorite – Sterilization of common hospital instruments – Common precaution for disinfection |
VI. ANAESTHESIA
| SL NO | TOPIC |
| a | IV Fluids-Crystalloids and colloids |
| b | Blood transfusion and colloids |
| c | CPR including techniques and devices |
| d | Drowning |
VII. OBSTETRICS & GYNAECOLOGY
| SL NO | TOPIC |
| a | Anatomy and physiology of female reproductive tract – Reproductive Organs |
| b | Normal Pregnancy – Onset and three stages of labor – Conduct of Delivery – Steps of conduct of normal delivery – Video presentation on conduct of normal delivery – Preterm labor and premature rupture of membranes (PROM) Special consideration. How the management differs from normal labor |
| c | Bleeding during pregnancy – Abortions – Abruption placenta – Rupture uterus |
| d | Management of delivered women – Care of mothers and new born baby – Post partum hemorrhage |
VIII. SURGERY
| SL NO | TOPIC |
| a | Golden Hour – Airway management – Control of excessive bleeding – Initial management of shock |
| b | Shock – Hypovolemic shock – Burn shock |
| c | Head injury – Pupil size and reaction of light |
| d | Musculoskeletal trauma: – Initial management and # immobilization – Major arterial hemorrhage – Compartment syndrome |
| e | Abdominal and pelvic trauma – Anatomy of abdomen Solid organ in abdominal cavity |
| f | Thermometer, stethoscope, BP instrument, oro-pharyngeal airway |
| g | Measurement of Blood Pressure |
| h | Station machine, suction catherer |
| i | Medical gas cylinder, syringe and infusion pumps |
PAPER 8: LIBRARY AND INFORMATION SCIENCE (40/25)
1. Role of Libraries
Library as a social/Information institution.
Role of Library and Information centres in modern society.
Five laws of Library Science.
2. Types of Libraries, Professional Association and Organizations
National Library of India: Concept function and services.
Public Libraries, Academic Libraries and Special Libraries.
Professional Association: ILA, IASLIC, CILIP, ALA, ASLIB, SLA
National and International Organizations: RRRLE, UNESCO, IFLA Digital Libraries.
3. Library Legislation
Library Legislation: Need, Purpose, Objectives and Model Library Act.
Library Legislation in India: Structure and Silent features.
Press and Registration Act, Delivery of Book (Public Libraries) Act.
4. Information and Communication
Information: Characteristic, Nature, value and Use of Information.
Conceptual Differences between Data, Information and Knowledge.
Communication Channels, Models and Barriers.
National Knowledge Commission and Information Policy.
Information Intermediaries.
5. Library and Information Profession
Professional Skill and Competencies, Librarian as a Profession.
Ethic Issues in Librarianship.
Role of Library and Information Professional in Digital Era.
6. Element of Library Classification
Concept Terminology, Need Purpose and Function.
Species of Classification Schemes.
7. Approaches to Library Classification
Postulation approach and System Approach.
Fundamental Categories, Facet Analysis and Facet Sequence.
Phase Relation and Common Isolates.
Devices in Library Classification
8. Notation and Construction of Classification Numbers
Notation: Need, Purpose, Types and Qualities.
Call Number: Class Number, Book Number and Collection Number Construction of Class
Numbers
9. General and Special Classification Schemes
Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC), Universal Decimal Classification (UDC), Colon Classification and Current trend in Library Classification.
10. Fundamental Concept and Historical Development
Library Catalogue: Definition, Objective, Purpose and Function.
History and Development of Library Catalogue Codes.
Physical forms of Catalogue and type of Catalogue.
11. Type of Catalogue Entries
Kind of Entries. Data Entries in different type of Entries.
Filling of Entries in Classified and Alphabetical Catalogues.
12. Choice and Rendering of Heading
Personal Authors: Western and Indic Names.
Corporate Authors, Pseudonymous, Anonymous work and Uniform title, Non print resources.
13. Subject Cataloguing
Subject Cataloguing: Concept, Purpose and Problems.
Chain Indexing
Subject Heading List:LCSH, SHSH
14. Trends in Library Cataloguing
Centralized and Cooperative Cataloguin.
Bibligraphic Standards: ISBD, MARC, CCF etc.
ISBN and ISSN.
15. Fundamental Concepts
Meaning, Definition, Importance, Nature and Characteristics.
Printed and Electronic Information Sources.
Type of Information Sources and Services.
Criteria for Evaluation of Reference Sources.
16. xvi. Sources of Information
Primary information sources: General introduction (periodicals, conference, Patents, Standards, thesis/dissertation, trade literature etc)
Secondary information sources: Dictionaries, Encyclopaedias, Bibliographical, Geographical, Bibliographies, Indexing and Abstracting, Newspaper Indexes and Digests, Statistics, handbooks and manuals.
Tertiary information sources: Directories, Yearbooks, Almanacs, Bibliography of Bibliographies and union catalogues.
17. Reference and Information Services
Users and their information needs.
Theory and function of reference and information service, Enquire Techniques. Role of reference librarian and information officer in Electronic Environment. Marketing information Services.
18. Types of Information Services
Documentation services: Abstracting and Indexing services. Alerting services, CAS, SDI, Reprographic service, Translation service, Document Delivery and Referral service, Information services: An overview, Types of Referrals, CAS, etc.
19. Information Literacy Programme
Concepts, Objectives, Initiation of Users, User Studies.
Users and their Information needs: Categories of users, Ascertaining users’ information needs and information literacy products.
Marketing of Information Services.
20. Principles of library management
Management vs. Administration, General Principles and their application, Library organisation structure and structure and Library Governance.
Library planning: Need, objectives and procedures, Basics of total quality management.
21. Financial and Human Resources
Library finance and Sources of finance, Library budget, Budgeting and Accounting. Human Resource Management: Selection, Recruitment, Training Development, Performance Appraisal.
22. Library building and Resource management
Library building, Collection Development, Acquisition of Periodicals and serials, Technical processing of documents.
23. Services and maintenance of the library
Circulation work, Maintenance shelving and stock verification, Preservation, Library services, Reference and information services.
24. Library Records and Statistics
Staff manual, Library statistic, Library Reports.
25. Introduction to Computers
Computers: Generation, types, Input and Output Devices, Computer Architecture, Data
representation and storage.
Introduction to system software and Application Software.
Operating system: DOS, Windows XP, Vista, Windows NT, Linux etc.
Word Processing, Spreadsheet, Power point presentation. Graphic Software: Basic function and potential uses, Communication software.
26. Library Automation
Library Automation: An introduction, Planning and implementation, Automation the Library, Library Automation Process/Package.
KOHA Software operating System and cloud base operating system.
In-House Operations: Acquisition, Cataloguing, Circulation, Serial Control, OPAC etc. Bibliographic Standards: CCF and MARC 21.
Introduction to Metadata: Types of metadata Dublin Core.
Library Software Packages: Overview and House Keeping Operations.
Case Studies: WINISIS, Alice for window and SOUL.
27. Database Management System
Database: Concept and Components, Database Structure, File Organization and Physical Design.
Database Management System: Basic function, Potential uses.
28. Web Interface to WINISIS database
Introduction to Web Interface to WINISIS.
Introduction to web services: Apache server and Internet Information Server. Web Interface Software: GENESIS.
29. Introduction to Internet
Basic of Internet, Search Engines and Meta search Engine, Internet search Techniques.
E-resources and online Database.
PAPER 9: OPERATION THEATER TECHNICIAN (41/25)
1. Basic Science-:
Anatomy: Introduction to Anatomy, Basic, Anatomical terminology, Osteology, Thorax, Lungs, Heart, Skeleto-muscular system, Excretory system,
Physiology: The Cell, The Blood, Cardio-Vascular System, Respiratory system, Excretory system, Reproductive system, Central Nervous system, Digestive system
Biochemistry: Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids, Enzymes, Vitamins & Minerals, Acids and
bases.
Pathology: Cellular adaptation, Cell injury & cell death. Introduction to pathology, Mechanisms of cell injury, Reversible and irreversible cell injury. Inflammation, General features of inflammation, Historical highlights, Acute inflammation, Chemical mediators of inflammation, Summary of acute inflammation Chronic inflammation, Immunity disorders, Disorders of the immune system, Infectious diseases, General principles of microbial pathogenesis, Viral infections, Bacterial infections, Rheumatic heart disease, Fungal infections, Parasitic infections, Neoplasia- Definitions, Nomenclature, Biology of tumor growth benign and malignant neoplasms, Epidemiology, Carcinogenic agents and their cellular interactions, Environmental and nutritional disorders, Common environmental and occupational exposures, Nutrition and disease, Coronary artery disease.
2. Applied Anatomy and Physiology Related to Anaesthesia:
Structure and function of the respiratory tract in relation to respiratory system, Nose – Role in humidification, Pharynx – Obstruction in airways, Larynx – Movement or vocal cords, Cord palsies, Trachea & Bronchial tree vessels, nerve supply, respiratory tract, reflexes, bronchosparm, Alveoli Layers, Surfactants, Respiratory Physiology, Pulmonary Gas Exchange And Acid Base Status, Oxygen: properties, storage, supply, hypoxia, Respiratory failure, type, clinical features, causes, Chambers of the heart, major vasculature, Coronary supply, innervations, Conduction system. Cardiac output – determinants, heart rate, preload, after load. Coronary blood flow& myocardial oxygen supply ECG arrhythmias cardiovascular response to anesthetic & surgical procedures. Hypotension causes, errects, management, Cardio pulmonary resuscitation, Myocardial infarction, hypertension, fluids and electrolytes, blood transfusion,
3. Clinical Pharamacology:
Antisialagogues, Sedatives & Anxiolytics, Narcotics, Antiemetics, Induction agent, Muscle relaxants, Inhalational gases, Reversal agents, Local anaesthetics, Emergency drugs
4. Sterilization Procedures/CSSD Procedures:
Waste disposal collection of used items from user area, reception protective clothing and
disinfections sage guards, use of disinfectants, sorting and classification of equipment for cleaning purposes, sharps, blunt lighted etc, contaminated high risk baby care – delicate instruments or hot care instruments, cleaning process, Materials used for wrapping and packing assembling pack contents. Types of packs prepared, Inclusion of trays and galliparts in packs. Method of wrapping and making use of indications to show that a pack of container has been through a sterilization process date stamping, General observations principles of sterlization. Moist heat sterlization. Dry heat sterlization. EO gas sterlization. H202 gas plasma vapo sterlization.
5. Principles of Anesthesia:
Medical Gas Supply-Compressed gas cylinders, Colour coding, Cylinder valves, pin index, Gas piping system, Recommendations for piping system, Alarms & safety devices. Anaesthesia Machine- Hanger and yoke system, Cylinder pressure gauge, Pressure regulator, Flow meter assembly, Vapourizers types, hazards, maintenance, filling and draining, etc. Breathing System General considerations: humidity & heat Common components – connectors, adaptors, reservoir bags. Capnography, etc02, Pulse oximetry, Methods of humidification, Classification of breathing system, Mapleson system – a b c d e f, Jackson Rees system, Bain circuit, non-rebreathing valves – ambu valves, The circle system, Components, Soda lime, indicators. Face Masks & Airway Laryngoscopes Types, sizes, Endotracheal tubes – Types, sizes, Cuff system, Fixing, removing and inflating cuff, checking tube position complications. Anaesthesia Ventilator and Working Principles. Monitoring ECG, Sp02, Temperature, IBP, CVP, PA Pressure, LA Pressure.
6. Basic Anaesthetic techniques:
History Of Anaesthesia, Pre-Op Preparation- Pre anesthetic assessment, History – past history – disease/Surgery and personal history – Smoking/alcohol General physical assessment, systemic examination CVS, RS, CNS.Investigations- Routine Haematological – their significance, Urine, E.C.G, Chest X-ray. Special -Endcorine, hormonal assays, Echocardiography, Angiography, Liver function test, Renal function test, Others. Case acceptance: ASA grading – I, II, III, IV. V Pre- Anaesthetic Orders- Patient – Informed consent, Npo, Premedication – advantages, drugs used, Special instructions – if any. Machine – Checking the machine 02, N20, suction apparatus Laryngoscopes, et tubes, airways, Things for IV accessibility, other monitoring systems. Drugs – Emergency drugs, Anesthetic drugs Intraoperative Management – Confirm the identification of the patient, Monitoring – minimum, Noninvasive & Invasive monitoring, Induction – drugs used, Endotracheal intubation, Maintenance of anesthesia, Positioning of the patient, Blood / fluid & electrolyte balance, Reversal from anesthesia – drugs used, Transferring the patient, Recovery room – set up and things needed. Post Operative Complications & Management.
7. Regional Anaesthetic techniques:
Local anaesthetic technique, Nerve blocks, Spinal Anaesthesia, Epidural anaesthesia.
PAPER 10: PHARMACIST (ALLOPATHY) (42/25)
• Pharmaceutics:
Pharmacopoeia, Packaging materials, Pharmaceutical aids, Preservatives, Unit operations, Size reduction, Tablets, Capsules, Liquid oral preparations, Topical preparations, Powders and granules, Sterile formulations, Immunological products, Basic structure, layout, sections, and activities of pharmaceutical manufacturing plants Quality control and quality assurance, Novel drug delivery systems.
• Pharmaceutical Chemistry:
Introduction to Pharmaceutical chemistry, Sources and types of errors, Impurities in Pharmaceuticals, Volumetric analysis, Gravimetric analysis, Inorganic Pharmaceuticals- Haematinics, Gastro-intestinal Agents, Topical agents, Dental products, Medicinal gases, Drugs Acting on Central Nervous System, Drugs Acting on Autonomic Nervous System, Drugs Acting on Cardiovascular System, Diuretics, Hypoglycemic Agents, Analgesic And Anti- Inflammatory Agents, Anti-Infective Agents, Antibiotics, Anti-Neoplastic Agents
• Pharmacognosy:
Definition, history, present status and scope of Pharmacognosy, Classification of drugs, Quality control of crude drugs, biological source, chemical constituents and therapeutic efficacy of the following categories of crude drugs, Plant fibres used as surgical dressings, Basic principles involved in the traditional systems of medicine, Herbs as health food, Herbal cosmetics, Phytochemical investigation of drugs.
• Human Anatomy & Physiology:
Scope of Anatomy and Physiology Definition of various terminologies, Structure of Cell, Tissues of the human body, Osseous system, Haemopoietic system, Lymphatic system, Cardiovascular system, Respiratory system, Digestive system, Skeletal muscles, Nervous system, Sense organs, Urinary system, Endocrine system (Hormones and their functions), Reproductive system.
• Social Pharmacy:
Introduction to Social Pharmacy, Preventive healthcare, Nutrition and Health, Introduction to Microbiology and common microorganisms, Epidemiology, Causative agents, epidemiology and clinical presentations and Role of Pharmacists in educating the public in prevention of the following communicable diseases, Introduction to health systems and all ongoing National Health programs in India, their objectives, functioning, outcome, and the role of pharmacists, Pharmacoeconomics – Introduction, basic terminologies, importance of pharmacoeconomics.
• Pharmacology:
General Pharmacology, Drugs Acting on the Peripheral Nervous System, Drugs Acting on the Eye, Drugs Acting on the Central Nervous System, Drugs Acting on the Cardiovascular System, Drugs Acting on Blood and Blood Forming Organs, Drugs Acting on the Gastro Intestinal Tract, Drugs Acting on the Kidney, Hormones and Hormone Antagonists, Autocoids, Chemotherapeutic Agents, Biologicals.
• Community Pharmacy & Management:
Community Pharmacy Practice, Professional responsibilities of community pharmacists Introduction to the concept of Good Pharmacy Practice and SOPs, Prescription and prescription handling, Communication skills, Patient counseling, Medication Adherence, Health Screening Services in Community Pharmacy, Over The Counter (OTC) Medications, Community Pharmacy Management
• Biochemistry & Clinical Pathology:
Introduction to biochemistry, Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids, Nucleic acids, Enzymes, Vitamins, Metabolism, Minerals, Water and Electrolytes, Introduction to Biotechnology, Organ function tests, Introduction to Pathology of Blood and Urine.
• Pharmacotherapeutics:
Introduction, scope, and objectives. Rational use of Medicines, Evidence Based Medicine, Essential Medicines List, Standard Treatment Guidelines (STGs), Definition, etiopathogenesis, clinical manifestations, nonpharmacological and pharmacological management of the diseases.
• Hospital & Clinical Pharmacy:
Hospital Pharmacy Definition, scope, national and international scenario, Organisational structure, Professional responsibilities, Qualification and experience, requirements, job specifications, work load requirements and inter professional relationships, Good Pharmacy Practice (GPP) in hospital, Hospital Pharmacy Standards (FIP Basel Statements, AHSP) Introduction to NAQS guidelines and NABH Accreditation and Role of Pharmacists, Different Committees in the Hospital, Supply Chain and Inventory Control, Drug distribution, Compounding in Hospitals. Bulk compounding, IV admixture services and incompatibilities, Total parenteral nutrition, Radio Pharmaceuticals, Application of computers in Hospital Pharmacy Practice, Electronic health records, Softwares used in hospital pharmacy, Clinical Pharmacy: Definition, scope, and development in India and other countries, Technical definitions, common terminologies used in clinical settings and their significance such as Paediatrics, Geriatric, Anti-natal Care, Post-natal Care, etc., Daily activities of clinical pharmacists, Pharmaceutical care, Medication Therapy Management, Home Medication Review, Clinical laboratory tests used in the evaluation of disease states, Poisoning, Pharmacovigilance, Medication errors, Drug Interactions.
Pharmacy Law & Ethics:
General Principles of Law, History and various Acts related to Drugs and Pharmacy profession, Pharmacy Act-1948 and Rules, Pharmacy Practice Regulations 2015, Drugs and Cosmetics Act 1940 and Rules 1945 and New Amendments, Manufacture of drugs, Study of schedule C and C1, G, H, H1, K, P, M, N, and X, Sale of Drugs, Administration of the Act and Rules, Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act 1985 and Rules, Drugs and Magic Remedies (Objectionable Advertisements) Act 1954, Drugs and Magic Remedies (Objectionable Advertisements) Act 1954, Poisons Act-1919, FSSAI (Food Safety and Standards Authority of India) Act and Rules, National Pharmaceutical Pricing Authority, Code of Pharmaceutical Ethics, Role of all the government pharma regulator bodies – Central Drugs Standards Control Organization (CDSCO), Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission (IPC), Good Regulatory practices (documentation, licenses, renewals, e-governance), Introduction to BCS system of classification, Basic concepts of Clinical Trials, ANDA, NDA, New Drug development, New Drugs and Clinical Trials Rules, 2019. Brand v/s Generic, Trade name concept, Introduction to Patent Law and Intellectual Property Rights, Emergency Use Authorization, Blood bank – basic requirements and functions, Clinical Establishment Act and Rules, Biomedical Waste Management Rules 2016, Bioethics – Basic concepts, history and principles. Brief overview of ICMR’s National Ethical Guidelines for Biomedical and Health Research involving human participants, Consumer Protection Act, Disaster Management Act, Medical Devices Categorization, basic aspects related to manufacture and sale.
PAPER 11: PUBLICITY ASSISTANT (43/25)
• Safety Rule and Safety Signs, Types of working of fire extinguishers.
• Fundamentals of electricity, definition, Unit and effect of electric current, Conductor and
insulator, conducting materials and their comparison, technique of soldering, Type of solder and flux.
• Ohm’s Law; simple electrical circuits and problems.
• Kirchhoff’s Laws and applications. Series and parallel circuit, open and short circuits in series and parallel network.
• Laws of Resistance and various types of Resistors. Series and Parallel combination of Resistors.
• Magnetic terms, Magnetic materials and properties of magnet.
• Capacitors: Different types, functions, grouping and uses.
• Comparison and advantages of DC and AC system, related term, frequency, instantaneous value, R.M.S value, Average value, peak factor, form factor, power factor and impedance.
• Chemical Effect of Electric Current and law of electrolysis, explanation of anode and cathode, type of cells, advantage/disadvantage and their applications.
• Different type of wiring: Power, Control, Communication and entertainment wiring.
• Resistors-Colour code, Types and Characteristics, Active and Passive component.
• P-N Junction, Classification, Specification, Biasing and Characteristics of Diodes.
• Rectifier Circuit-Half wave, Full wave, Bridge Rectifiers and filters. Principles of operation,
types, characteristics and various configuration of Transistor. Application of Transistor as switch, voltage regulator and amplifier. IC voltage regulator.
• Digital electronics: Binary number, logic gates and combinational circuits.
• Working principle and uses of oscilloscope, construction and working of SCR, DIAC, TRIAC and IGBT.
PAPER 12: RADIOGRAPHIC TECHNICIAN (44/25)
Human Anatomy:
• Anatomical positions, terms, description, basic embryology, and development.
• Musculo-skeletal system, bones, joints, types of joints, muscles, types of muscles, vertebral column, upper and lower limbs.
• Cardio-vascular system including heart, major blood vessels, arteries, veins, capillaries, lymphatics
• Respiratory system including the lungs, trachea, bronchus, bronchus-pulmonary segments, alveoli arterial supply. venous drainage. pulmonary circulation etc.
• Central Nervous system including the brain, spinal cord, central and peripheral nervous system, brachial plexus, sacral plexus, cranial nerves.
• Head and neck include the skull, external ear, middle ear, temporal bone, paranasal sinuses, pharynx, larynx, oral cavity, face, tongue, nasal cavity, eyes.
• Gastro-Intestinal tract including the Exophages, Stomach, Small Intensity – Duodenum,
Jejunum, ileum, Cecum, appendix, Large intestine – Ascending, Transverse, Descending colon, Hepatic and Splenic flexures, Sigmoid colon, Rectum and anal canal.
• Hepato-Biliary system – including the Liver, Gall Bladder, Biliary tree, Pancreas, Spleen.
• Genito-urinary system- including. Kidneys, urinary Bladder, Urethra, Male and Female reproductive system including testes, prostate, seminal vesicles, uterus, cervix, fallopian tubes, ovaries, penis, vagina, vulva.
• Endocrine system including the Endocrine glands like pituitary, Thyroid, Adrenal, parathyroid.
Basic Physiology:
• Functional organization of body structures, Musculo-skeletal system, skeletal muscles, smooth muscles, blood cells, plasma, blood groups, lymphatics.
• Physiology of cardio-vascular system including heart and circulation, blood pressure, arteries, veins, Capillaries
• Physiology of Respiration including Lungs, trachea, bronchus, bronchopulmonary segments, gas exchange.
• Physiology of excretory system including the structure and functional unit of kidneys, formation and excretion of urine, reabsorption of water, process of micturition.
• Mah and female reproductive system including the spermatozoa, oocytes, hormonal changes.
• Physiology of the hepato-biliary system including, formation and circulation of bile, Porter circulation, Porto-systemic anastomosis.
• Physiology of the Gasto-intestinal system including the process of digestion, digestive enzymes, water reabsorption, formation and excretion of stool, gastrocolic reflexes.
• function of the nervous system including autonomic nervous system, CSF, cranial nerves sensory and motor systems.
Basic Pathology:
• Basic pathological conditions, cellular structure, pathogenesis of disease, inflammation, types and definition, Degeneration, cell death, granulomatous inflammation, healing process.
• Hemodynamic disorders like hemorrhage, ischemia, infarction
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• Hypersensitivity reaction, infection – bacteria, viral, parasitic, worm infestation
• Tumours, benign and malignant, common cancers affecting various system, neoplasia, metastasis, lymphadenopathy.
Radiation Physics and Protection:
• X-Ray production and properties introduction to X-Rays, history, origin, construction of X- Ray tubes. Requirements for X-Ray production (electron sources, target and anode material), tube voltage, current, space charge, cathode assembly, efficiency stationary and rotation tubes, kVp, mAs
• Common factors affecting thermionic emission, specialized types, focal spot, target angle Heat dissipation methods, tube rating, heat units, operating conditions, maintenance and quality assurance procedures.
• Image and its characteristics: Formation of radiological image, latent image, intensifying screens, factors affecting image quality, quality assurance tests. Factors affecting image quality: radiographic image contrast density, sharpness, magnification, distortion of image, noise, blur Scattered radiation. Appliances to reduce Scattered radiation, grids – stationary and moving, use of cones.
• Diaphragm, light beam device, collimation.
• X-Ray generation and circuit: Filament current and voltage, primary, circuits, auto transformers. types of exposure switch and times principle of automatic exposure control (AEC), filament circuit, high voltage circuits, half and full wave rectification, three phase circuit. Types of generators, 3 phase, 6 and 12 pulse circuits, falling load generation, capacitors discharge and grid control system.
• Radioactive: Structure and property of nucleus, nuclear forces, binding, energy, radioactive decay, characteristic X- Ray, charge of radionuclides, alpha, beta, positron, gamma emission, modes of decay, auger electrons, electron capture, isomeric transition, internal conversions, naturally occurring radionuclides. Interaction of X-ray with matter, types of interaction of x-rays, gamma radiation Photoelectric and Compton Bremsstrahlung pair production anhelation radiation.
• Radiation Unit Dosimetry and Dosimetry of lionizing radiation: Units of radiation, SI units ICRU definition of absorbed dose quality factor dose equivalent relationship between absorbed and equivalent dose, patient dose, occupational exposure, natural and background radiation, population exposure, Basic principles of ionization chamber, proportion counter, GM counters, scintillation.
• Detector thermoluminiscent dosimeters (TLD)
• Biological effects of radiation including excitation and free radical formation, DNA, RNA and tissue radiosensitivity. Effects of ionizing radiation, nonionizing radiation, stochastic and non-
stochastic effects mean and lethal dose.
• Principles of radiation protection time, time, distance shielding AERB Guidelines Bhaba Atomic Research Centre (BARC) Room Layout, construction and installation Quality assurance radiation leakage devices to measure radiation Principles of ALARA, radiation protection in mobile units, exposure during pregnancy 10-day rule
Radiography and Dark Room Techniques:
• Skull Radiography -including AP/Lateral view, base of skull view, radiological base line, radiography of the pituitary gland, mastoids various specialized views of skull radiography. Radiography of Para nasal sinuses (PNS), – Waters’s view, towne’s view, X-ray of nasal bone, TM joint. Radiography of soft tissue of neck – special consideration.
• Radiography of upper extremity, bones of joints views techniques, Radiography of lover extremity – view techniques Special view for small joints – wrists, MCP, IP joints, tarsal bones etc.
• Chest Radiography – various views, techniques decubitus views Radiography of ribs, soft tissues Abdominal radiography – erect, supine KUB – view technique. Radiography of pelvis – views and techniques.
• Radiography of hips, pelvis – views and techniques precaution. Radiography of spine, vertebral column views techniques Special care in vertebral injury cases. Radiography in trauma patients CV junction radiography techniques.
• Dental, Orthopantomograms. Paediatric Radiography, Mobile Radiography.
• Introduction of dart room, layout. ventilation, illumination, developer, fixer tanks. Dry bench. wet bench, pass boxes. characteristics. features and requirements of sala light. Process of developing, fixing, rinsing.
• Film material, construction of films, types of films, storage of films. Sizes Film speed, high speed, low speed. Newer film types – laser films, dry and wet laser films.
• Screens- Construction of screen, uses of screen, types of screens. High speed, low speed, low speed, care of screens, film-screen combination – advantages, technique modification in relation to speed. Principles of fluorescence and phosphorescence, rare earth screens, blue and green screens.
• Film Processing – manual, automatic film processing, washing, drying, hangers clip hangers, channel hanger. Chemical- Developers, fixers, rinser replenisher solution etc. Advantages, disadvantages of automatic, manual processing. Film fog -definition, types of fog. causes of fog. Effect of temperature, sunlight in improper storage, old films, artifacts. Cassettes – Design. care, construction, types and mounting.
• Digital Radiography and Mammography
• Physics of films Screen Mammography Special features of mammography equipment including tubes, grid, screen and films Equipment – tube compression technique, Automatic exposure control.
• Imagine Techniques and view – conventional and supplementary, grids techniques in dense breasts, compression techniques,
• Breast cancer screening, BIRAD classification, current trends in screening of of breast cancer Radiation dose and screening issues – specificity and sensitivity, advantages and hazards of screening
• Characterisation of breast lesion role of biopsy, FNA international procedure in breast Stereotactic biopsy guides attachments.
• Anatomy of Breasts and basic breast disease.
• Basic uses of digital Technology in Radiography PACS, DICOM, Cloud Computing, Filmless Radiology.
• Computerised Radiography System, Digital Radiography system Digital tomosynthesis – uses and advantages
• Multi-Format Cameras. Thermal paper printers, Laser Printers – Dry and wet laser printer
Special Radiography Procedure:
• Introduction to contrast media, oral and iv contrast agents, new generation contrast
agents. Reaction to contrast agents and management of reaction to contract agents. Drugs and emergencies in radiology department including aesthesia in radiology department.
• Sialography, Myelography, Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangio Pancreatography (ERCP) Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTCA)
• T-Tube cholangiography Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangio Percutaneous transhepatic Cholangiography (PTCA) Pancreatography (ERCP)
• Barium swallow Barium meal Hypotonic duodenography Barium meal follow through and Enteroclysis, Barium enema.
• Intra Venous urography (IVU), Retrograde Urography (RGU) and Urethrogram Micturating Cysto- Urethrography (MCU) Percutaneous nephrostomy, Hysterosalpingography.
• (HSG)
• CT Scan techniques
• Basic physics, tube technology, rating, detector technology, generators, stabilizers, gantry, console etc. Data acquisition, various methods, types and generation of CT Scanners, filters, tilte Spiral CT, slip ring technology, advantages. Post processing, software, work stationImage reconstruction.
• Display parameters. Hounsfield units, values of normal tissues. Use of oral, rectal, iv contrast in CT Scan, dose consideration, administration, patient preparation. Principles of window, grey scale contrast optimization.
• Clinical application of CT scan. CT Scan techniques of brain, chest, abdomen, head and neck, etc. Recording CT images, filming techniques, cameras and archiving, digital archiving CD, DVD, MOD etc Normal CT anatomy of various organs, common pathologies. Post processing and multiplanar reconstruction.
• Multi slice CT HRCT lungs and temporal bone CT angiographic procedures, coronary angiography using CT, calcium scoring techniques, uses Pressure injectors, advantages, scan delay, principle of one arm circulation time. Special procedures like virtual endoscopies, colonoscopies, bronchoscopy, perfusion imaging techniques and clinical uses. Advantages and limitations of CT scans, artifacts, techniques to minimize artifacts.
• MRI techniques
• Basic physics, data acquisition, relaxation time, gradient, spin echo techniques Larmour
frequency equation and constant. Effect of magnetic field on cells. Magnets types of magnets, permanent magnets, superconductor magnets, field strength tesla. Close and open magnets Slice selection, RF coils, types of coils and uses. Image reconstruction, display and recording devices.
• Sequences in MRI, basic sequences, T1, T2 weighted images, newer sequences IV contrast agents in MRI
• Applications of MRI in brain imaging, spine imaging, abdomen and pelvis imaging, imaging of joints head and neck.
• Special MRI procedures like MR Angiography, MRCP, Arthrography, MR enteroclysis. Functional MRI, Diffusion and Echoplanar imaging.
• MRI room design and installation. Copper shielding of MRI rooms, specifications. Effect of shielding on image quality. Safety factors precautions in MRI.
• Angiography, Ultrasound and Colour Doppler.
• Angiographic techniques in radiology Conventional angiography, setting up of cath labs, rapid sequence film techniques. DSA, Selective and Super-selective angiographies, indications, uses, techniques. Coronary angiographic techniques conventional CT coronary angiography, ECG gating contrast dose, automatic injectors.
• Basic physics of Ultrasound Imaging, terminology, principles Image acquisition, transducer technology, display controls, recording and archiving of USG images. Advantages and uses of Ultrasound, Coupling agents-ingredients, preparation, application.
• Routine abdominal USG, High frequency USG, M-Mode sonography, usg of small parts, testes, breasts, A-scan, B-scan, thyroid, neonatal brain. Use of USG in interventions, USG in pregnancy. fetal USG screening, Endoluminal sonography – TVS, TRS, Trans-perineal USG, colour doppler in pregnancy, Doppler evaluation of in-utero fetus. PNDT act including its aims and objectives
• Basic Principles of color Doppler, uses of color Doppler, Pulsed Doppler, Continuous wave Doppler, power angiography. Use of Doppler in non-vascular conditions. Basics of Echocardiography and use of Echocardiography including B-mode, M-Mode, Color Doppler, Continuous wave Doppler in echocardiography.
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PAPER 13: SURVEYING (45/25)
- Lettering and Numbering: Details layout of lettering, lines & dimensioning system.
- Introduction of surveying, types of surveying, use, application principal.
- Scales: Knowledge of different types of scales, determine of R.F & uses of scales.
- Different types of projection views orthographic, sectional, isometric view.
- Use & application of conventional signs & symbols.
- Uses of Chain/ tape, testing of a chain & correction. Ranging (direct & indirect), Principle of chain survey, application. Terms used in chain survey, Offset – types of offsets, limit of offset, field book-types of field book, entry of field book method of chaining in slopping ground. Field procedure of chain survey errors in chain survey, plotting procedure. Calculation of area (regular & irregular figure), Knowledge of site plan.
- Basic terms used in compass survey. Instrument & setting up. Conversion of bearing web to R.B. Calculation of included angle from bearing local attraction, magnetic declination and true bearing, closing error. Adjustment of closing error, precaution in using prismatic compass.
- Plane table survey, principle, merits & demerits, Instrument used in plane table, survey setting up the plane table. (centering, levelling, orientation), Methods of plane table survey (radiation, intersection, resection, traversing), Error in plane table survey.
- Introduction to Theodolite. Types of Theodolite, parts of Theodolite, Terms used in Theodolite survey. Temporary adjustment of Theodolite, Angle measurement process. Reading of angles, field book entry of measured angles. Permanent adjustment of Theodolite. Traversing using theodolite (closed & open), traverse computation, determination of consecutive coordinates, independent coordinates, checking & balancing of traverse, preparation of gales, traverse table, computation of area using co-ordinates, calculation of omitted measurement
- Introduction to levelling- Types of levelling instrument. Technical terms used in levelling Temporary & permanent adjustment. Different types of levelling Entry of level book. (Reduced level calculation method) Curvature & refraction effect sensitivity of bubble tube. Common error and their elimination. Degree of accuracy.
- Introduction of tachometry & terms use advantages and disadvantages. Tachometric constants & its determination. Determination of horizontal & vertical distances by various methods.
- Contouring, contour interval selection of contour interval, characteristics of contour, uses of contour contouring by various method. Interpolation of contour by various methods, drawing of contours, computation of volume establishment of gradient by abney level.
- Curves, Purpose, Types of curves – simple, compound, reverse, transition, vertical. Elements of simple curve, computation of elements of simple curve. Various methods for setting out simple, compound, reverse, transition & vertical curve.
- Familiarization with modern survey instruments. Parts of Total station, temporary adjustment of T.S, working procedure of T.S.
- Familiarisation with cadastral map, term used in cadastral survey, preliminary knowledge for prepare a site plan. Calculation of area by digital planimeter.
- Types of surveys for location of a road. Points to be considered during reconnaissance survey. Classification of roads and terms used in road engineering, alignment of roads relative
- importance of length of road, height of embankment depth of cutting & filling, road gradients super elevation etc.
- Knowledge for preparation of topographical map. Knowledge for preparation of cadastral map. Knowledge for preparation of a road project.
- Importance of cartographic projection. Uses of various types of cartographic projection for mapping.
- Introduction of GIS& GPS. Elements of GPS/DGPS. Observation principles. Sources of error & handling of error in GPS. Various type of GPS application. Concept & use of survey software. 20. Introduction to hydrographic survey, practice various method s of water depth measurement process, floe velocity measurement & determination of cross-sectional area of a river. Handling of eco sounder, current meter.
- Basic terms used in transmission line survey, justification criteria for constructing new line, marking process of tentative alignment, selection process of a good alignment. Process of detail survey & final location survey. Use of sag template, Various type of tower, construction of tower foundation.
- Basic terms used in railway line project survey, justification criteria for constructing new line, marking process of tentative alignment, selection process of a good alignment. Process of detail survey & final location survey.
- Specification & uses of various types of building materials, types of foundation, knowledge of R.C.C. works, & other construction related items. Procedure of prepare a detail estimate. 24. Basic knowledge of Auto CAD.
